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James Smith (frontiersman)
James Smith (1737–1812〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=James Smith )〕 or 1814〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=James Smith )〕) was a frontiersman, farmer and soldier in British North America. In 1765, he led the "Black Boys", a group of Pennsylvania men, in a nine-month rebellion against British rule, ten years before the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. He participated in the war as a colonel of the Pennsylvania militia and was a legislator in the Kentucky General Assembly. Smith was also an author, publishing his analysis of Native American ways of fighting in ''Narrative'' in 1799.
==Early life and capture==
Smith was born in what is now Franklin County, Pennsylvania. He had little formal education,〔 but could read and write.〔
In May 1755, he was helping build the westward road for General Edward Braddock's ill-fated expedition against the French〔〔〔 when he was taken captive by Delaware Indians. Smith was brought to Fort Duquesne at the Forks of the Ohio River, where he was forced to run a gauntlet before being given over to the French.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wqed.org/tv/specials/the-war-that-made-america/downloads/englishidentities.doc )〕 He was eventually adopted by a Mohawk family, ritually cleansed, and made to practice tribal ways—ultimately gaining respect for Indian culture〔 before escaping near Montreal in 1759. He was jailed by the French for four months until finally being released in a prisoner exchange with the British. He returned to the Conococheague Valley in Pennsylvania and took up farming, marrying Anne Wilson in May 1763.〔
During Pontiac's War, he fought in the 1763 Battle of Bushy Run and accompanied British officer Henry Bouquet's 1764 expedition into the Ohio Country.〔 When the unrest subsided, however, the British allowed trading with the Native Americans to resume, arousing the anger of the colonists.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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